Why are there so many Canada geese?

Ask any Canadian, and they probably know someone who has been chased by a Canada goose at some point in their life. The species is a long-standing part of Canadian heritage, and their characteristic V-shaped flying formation often symbolizes the change of seasons. 

While certainly famous, the reputation of the Canada goose is far from positive in the eyes of many. Like many other urban animals, Canada geese have gotten a bad rap due to their near-constant presence in public parks, golf courses, and marinas. They are often seen as a nuisance or pest and have at times been a point of contention in discussions between politicians and wildlife conservationists. Despite the negative attention they have attracted over the years, it is important to acknowledge our role in our rocky relationship with Canada geese.

Canada goose with goslings. Photo by leekris via Adobe Stock.

According to a CTV interview with David Bird, former professor of wildlife biology at McGill University, Canada geese are highly resourceful animals that are simply playing the cards they have been dealt, so to speak. Geese are naturally attracted to bodies of water bordered by grassy areas, and urban areas like parks and golf courses are prime real estate. With human development continuing to encroach on wild spaces, Canada geese have simply found a way to adapt to our presence. 

At Swim Drink Fish, we track the presence of Canada Geese and other waterfowl when performing our Environmental Health and Safety Surveys. In large numbers, Canada geese can have an effect on the quality of water near their nest sites due to their excrement and potential to erode natural landscapes. However, healthy populations of Canada geese can also have a positive impact on the ecosystem. 

According to a study from Rutgers University, Canada Geese can act as important seed dispersers by eating plants in one area and then excreting the seeds in another. In moderation, their feces can add nutrients to the soil which can fertilize and aid in plant growth. Canada geese are also a source of recreational hunting for many people across the country, including several First Nations. 

Canada geese flying. Photo by Sander Meertins via Adobe Stock.

What various resources suggest, is that the key to a healthy coexistence with Canada geese is effective population control. At the government level, it is our responsibility as stewards of the water and environment to manage Canada geese populations effectively and humanely. As a member of the community, it is crucial to never feed waterfowl and to give them space when you see them outside.

Put simply, it is important to see Canadian geese for what they truly are - animals trying to survive. Treating them with respect and empathy is the first step to a more harmonious relationship. To learn more about urban geese, check out the film Modern Goose, produced by the National Film Board of Canada. 

If you are concerned about Canada geese on your property, visit the Government of Canada website for more information.